How should surgical instruments be cleaned before they are used?

Surgical instruments must be subjected to methods that ensure they are free from all microorganisms, and the correct approach encompasses autoclaving, chemical sterilization, or ethylene oxide gas sterilization. This rigorous cleansing process is crucial because surgical instruments come into contact with sterile tissues and body cavities during procedures.

Autoclaving uses steam under pressure, which effectively kills bacteria, viruses, and spores, providing a thorough sterilization. Chemical sterilization employs various agents to eliminate pathogens, while ethylene oxide gas sterilization is effective for heat-sensitive instruments. Each of these methods not only sanitizes the instruments but also ensures they remain sterile until they are used, thereby significantly reducing the risk of infection during surgical procedures.

In contrast, the other methods suggested do not achieve the level of cleanliness required for surgical instruments. Soaking in warm water, for instance, might remove some debris but does not ensure the instruments are sterile. Similarly, wiping them with a dry cloth or rinsing them under lukewarm water fails to eliminate pathogens and would not meet the stringent standards of surgical instrument preparation.